D’Epinay and her other guests including Diderot, Rousseau moved to lodgings near the country home of the Duke of Luxemburg at Montmorency. In 1757, after repeated quarrels with Mme. His stay here lasted only a year and involved an affair with a woman named Sophie d’Houdetot, the mistress of his friend Saint-Lambert. In 1756, a year after the publication of the Second Discourse, Rousseau and Therese Levasseur left Paris after being invited to a house in the country by Mme. However, Rousseau had already arranged to have it published elsewhere and like the First Discourse, it also was also widely read and discussed. The judges were irritated by its length as well its bold and unorthodox philosophical claims they never finished reading it. Rousseau himself thought this work to be superior to the First Discourse because the Second Discourse was significantly longer and more philosophically daring. This time, the question posed was, “What is the origin of inequality among men, and is it authorized by the natural law?” Rousseau’s response would become the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality Among Men. In the autumn of 1753, Rousseau submitted an entry to another essay contest announced by the Academy of Dijon. But Rousseau attempted to live a modest life despite his fame, and after the success of his opera, he promptly gave up composing music.
Music was still a major part of Rousseau’s life at this point, and several years later, his opera, Le Devin du Village (The Village Soothsayer) was a great success and earned him even more recognition. To some, Rousseau’s condemnation of the arts and sciences in the First Discoursemade him an enemy of progress altogether, a view quite at odds with that of the Enlightenment project. The work was widely read and was controversial. In 1750 he published the Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, a response to the Academy of Dijon’s essay contest on the question, “Has the restoration of the sciences and arts tended to purify morals?” This discourse is what originally made Rousseau famous as it won the Academy’s prize. He worked on several articles on music for Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopedie. It was also during this time that Rousseau became friendly with the philosophers Condillac and Diderot. They had five children together, all of whom were left at the Paris orphanage. After two years spent serving a post at the French Embassy in Venice, he returned in 1745 and met a linen-maid named Therese Levasseur, who would become his lifelong companion (they eventually married in 1768). In 1742 Rousseau went to Paris to become a musician and composer. During this time he earned money through secretarial, teaching, and musical jobs. de Warens lasted for several years and eventually became romantic. Here he met Louise de Warens, who was instrumental in his conversion to Catholicism, which forced him to forfeit his Genevan citizenship (in 1754 he would make a return to Geneva and publicly convert back to Calvanism). He therefore left Geneva in 1728, and fled to Annecy. Although he did not detest the work, he thought his master to be violent and tyrannical. In 1725, Rousseau was apprenticed to an engraver and began to learn the trade. Rousseau stayed behind and was cared for by an uncle who sent him along with his cousin to study in the village of Bosey. His father got into a quarrel with a French captain, and at the risk of imprisonment, left Geneva for the rest of his life.
Rousseau was therefore brought up mainly by his father, a clockmaker, with whom at an early age he read ancient Greek and Roman literature such as the Lives of Plutarch. His mother died only a few days later on July 7, and his only sibling, an older brother, ran away from home when Rousseau was still a child.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was born to Isaac Rousseau and Suzanne Bernard in Geneva on June 28, 1712.
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